Project Management Methodology Improvement Plan Helps

Question: Talk about the contextual analysis Project Management Methodology for Improvement Plan Helps. Answer: Reflection The result of this course in week 10 is related with the venture the board techniques which clarifies the acts of constant improvement plan assists with accomplishing the destinations successfully. The result of this course encouraged me to pick up the profundity comprehension of the job of progress the executives so as to characterize prerequisites of the work and furthermore empowers me to make persistent improvement in the undertaking. Cheshire feline statements that on the off chance that you dont know where you are going, any street will get you there. This statements gain my insight that right off the bat we need to need to create understanding about the explanation for the improvement in the task after that necessities to comprehend the situation of the venture and afterward need to comprehend the persistent presentation that has completed inside the undertaking. These things have considered by me in the expert life as it empowers me to achieve the objective effectively. Other than this, the course of week 10 likewise offers me a viable learning as I taken the useful experience to build up the task the executives development model on the genuine practices. It additionally bolstered me to find out about how to build up the enhanced procedure in the venture. Aside from this, I have likewise picked up understanding about the distinctive degree of venture the board development model so as to achieve the task on schedule. Along these lines, I have picked up information that first level is identified with attention to the procedure, the subsequent level distinguishes the repeatable procedure, the third level characterized the procedure, the fourth level deal with the procedure, and the fifth level enhanced the procedure. These various levels are useful to me to create incredible comprehension as far as perceiving the duties of a ranking director from an underlying level to the last degree of the venture the executives development model. Further, I was empowered to streamline an alternate procedure that is fundamental because of changes in business need. This course likewise builds up my comprehension about the various imagines that will be considered in the ceaseless improvement plan. These things are the present status of the undertaking, systems to overcome any barrier, observing and catching the procedure of the venture. I have considered these things in the undertaking so as to get the consistent improvement in the task. This course result likewise encouraged me an incredible information about the lean six sigma guide. This guide characterizes the five stages that are viable to improve the nature of the task. These means included characterize the quality, measure the quality, break down it, improve it, and afterward control the quality. It is successful to me so as to quality improvement in the task. Further, I have picked up encounters about the manners in which that help to decide the present status and future condition of the undertaking and furthermore helped me to build up the structure related with the arranged improvement activities. Simultaneously, from this course, I have built up the information about the adequacy of venture the board philosophy so as to constant improvement in the undertaking. Because of this, I empowered to execute the powerful approach to get achievement. It will likewise encourage for me to improve development identified with my expert vocation as far as building the venture as to assist the organization. Week after week Portfolio Learning Table Date Issues Identified Related strategies/systems Arranged Action Arranged finish date 6.10.2016 Article about venture the executives approach showed that constant improvement evaluation instrument doesn't consolidate the simplicity and fathomable advances. It makes trouble to me so as to execute the constant improvement plan in the venture. Undertaking the board approachs, for example, nonstop improvement plan, lean six sigma guide, and various approaches to decide the present status and future condition of the venture. There ought to be a constant improvement to overcome any issues. 7 October 2016 (Completed) Supporting Documentation including your Prior Learning Kerzner, Chapter 20.0-20.8, and 21.0-21.4 https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QgQQC5qRtzgCprintsec=frontcoverdq=kerzner+project+managementhl=ensa=Xved=0ahUKEwjiysP9j8bPAhVEMo8KHZpQDW8Q6AEIKjAB#v=onepageq=kerzner%20project%20managementf=false PMI Managing Change Chapter 6 https://marketplace.pmi.org/Pages/ProductDetail.aspx?GMProduct=00101469401

Instant Noodles

Moment noodles are extremely famous and every now and again devoured by the vast majority today. Be that as it may, most purchasers are dumbfounded with regards to the harms these items cause on their bodies. By researching the most well known brands of moment noodles here in China, we will have the option to precisely discover the â€Å"most healthy† brand of moment noodles dependent on its oil content. Thusly, we will have the option to forestall the various medical issues that have occured from these items from emerging once more. Moreover, the constrained brands of noodles likewise upset us from having a more extensive investigation on the theme. Related Literature From the time Momofuku Ando built up the primary moment noodles, they have overwhelmed the noodle business, and its belongings can at present be seen today. Their principle clients are the undergrads and others who are consistently in a hurry, individuals who don't have the opportunity to prepare breakfast, or i ndividuals who are languid to. Besides, as indicated by english. ndtv. com there have been high measures of plasticizers in moment noodles in China.The procedure of making the noodles is the thing that influences the water sponginess of the noodles. Indeed as indicated by Beijing time progress innovation improvement co. LTD. , moment noodles are made out of an assortment of mixtures, which are framed to make noodles, cooked, at that point pan fried in oil. They are then gotten through air blades, which doesn't nonetheless, evacuate all the oil. This is the reason moment noodles contain such high measures of oil, which causes kidney stones, and keeps it from retaining water.Oil isn't the main undesirable material in moment noodles. Indeed as per Dr. Edmond Lee, moment noodles likewise contain high measures of starches, sodium, MSG, and immersed fat. This is the reason we test the noodles for its water retentiveness, since it is one of the variables that will show whether a moment noo dle item is high as far as oil-content. This is on the grounds that oil and water don't blend when something is canvassed in oil water won't have the option to go through in this manner less water absorbency.We plan to test the water sponginess by dousing the noodles in water and estimating the measure of unabsorbed water left. By doing this we can assist individuals with picking the moment noodles with the least oil content, along these lines helping them forestall different afflictions brought about by the moment noodles, and helping them get as much supplements as possible get. Moreover, the network will be progressively educated concerning the best brand of moment noodles with the help of this examination.

Nadra Services Essay Example

Nadra Services Essay Example Nadra Services Essay Nadra Services Essay NICOP (National Identity Card for Overseas Pakistanis) is an enrollment archive to be given to a substantial/authentic resident of Pakistan. Already it was given to abroad Pakistanis working/living/staying/reading abroad for continuous timespan of a half year or having double nationalities yet now it very well may be given to any resident of Pakistan. Information Acquisition at Data Acquisition Unit (DAU) o Issuance of Token o Photo Capturing o Thumb and Signatures o Data Acquisition by DEO o Form Printing o Attestation Form Submission Data transferring to NADRA Data Warehouse Verification and Clearance from NADRA Data Warehouse Printing at Production Delivery of NICOP to NSRC or Address The POC program tries to furnish qualified outsiders with phenomenal impetuses to return to their underlying foundations, while guaranteeing that the homeland remains firmly coordinated with ostracizes overall which incorporates sans visa passage into Pakistan. Uncertain remain in Pakistan. Exception from outsider enrollment prerequisites. Consent to buy and sell property. Option to open and work financial balances. Information Acquisition at Data Acquisition Unit (DAU) Issuance of Token Photo Capturing Thumb and Signatures Data Acquisition by DEO Verification from NADRA Data Warehouse Printing at Production Delivery of POC CNIC (Computerized National Identity Card) is the center result of NADRA gave to a substantial/authentic resident of Pakistan. It is a mix of cutting edge innovation and all around characterized business rules to ensure its credibility and legitimacy. Each authentic, 18 Years or more, resident of Pakistan is qualified for CNIC. CRC Child Registration Certificates is an enlistment report used to enroll minors younger than 18 years. FRC Family Registration Certificates are records given to nationals of Pakistan featuring the family tree structure of the candidate. Multi Biometric ID Card NADRA has built up a far reaching framework with Interactive Data Acquisition Web systems; getting, moving, handling, filing information creating ISO consistent secure distinguishing proof archives. This framework produces interesting resident recognizable proof numbers for whole populace. The Registration framework coordinates biometric advancements, for example, Automated Finger Identification Systems (AFIS) and Facial Recognition Systems and is equipped for giving character confirmation to all vital Government offices. The framework can fulfill any guidelines required by the client, including ISO 7810 and ICAO 9303 agreeable ID cards. NADRA gives coordination administrations to a wide range of ID advances according to the clients’ necessity including Smart Card, RFID cards, Java cards and microchip based cards. The start to finish enlistment framework guarantees legitimacy of individual records through visual just as electronic methods. NADRA gives the accompanying administrations to its customers: Evaluate potential innovations and answers for the venture . Build up another Identification numbering plan . Characterize specialized principles dependent on necessities and assessment Define framework security norms . Embrace a framework investigation and configuration investigation of the manual process,â to recognize holes in the framework Perform Business Process Re-building (BPR) of the existingâ procedures Develop information obtaining philosophies and distinguish information fields required to be caught Identify required advancements relating to: o Data Acquisition Data Communication o Data Processing o Secure Document Production Document Delivery segments Design Data Backup and Disaster Recovery (DR) plan for the undertaking Develop necessities for coordination with other government bodies Identify Hardware Software to execute a best in class framework Interactive Registration: NADRA can furnish its customers w ith Multi-biometric Interactive Registration Centers that can be planned as a one widow arrangement that utilizes most recent information enlistment innovation to assemble information straightforwardly from the candidates in this way taking out incorrect information preparing. The intuitive information catching not just uses modified programming for on-the-spot information section, yet in addition utilizes programming that catches an individual’s photo according to ICAO gauges and biometric innovation to catch fingerprints. The information accumulated at the obtaining focuses is sent legitimately to the Data Warehouse for handling lastly to printing of made sure about archives. NADRA has effectively actualized the Multi-Biometric National Identity Card System dependent on Teslinâ ® for Pakistan. Till date more than 96 million residents have been enrolled and more than 68 million ID cards delivered. National Data Warehouse: NADRA has built up the National Data Warehouse to provide food the inundation of tremendous information. This focal storehouse stores segment and geographic information of the resident and procedures applicant’s records for the issuance of various secure archives after comprehensive confirmation through robotized biometric facial and unique mark acknowledgment and check frameworks. All the applications running in information distribution center are planned and created in-house, which provides food for all needs of mechanized preparing, personalization and check with least human intercession. A portion of the information distribution center applications are: Phonetics †most likely the quickest web index which look based on names Family Identification †give vertical and flat family linkages Verisys †online confirmation framework Registration Tracking †tracks applicant’s application for the duration of the existence pattern of handling Disaster recuperation and replication module Verisys The prerequisite of distinguishing proof report for evidentiary intentions is inadequate without legitimate check system. Having built up the Multi-Biometric National Identity Card for Pakistan supported up by the enormous unified national database on the planet, NADRA has acquainted anâ easy-with use get to device for confirmation of residents in the n ation named as Verisys. To confirm the gave CNIC and keep away from any fake exercises NADRA propelled Verisys, which is a confirmation procedure to give online checks of Pakistani residents to the administration, private and corporate parts for getting straightforwardness, approval, end of extortion falsification. This is an electronic continuous movement showing the front and back picture of the CNIC with included shrouded data for checks. Utilizing NADRA's solid system framework, a dependable and effective method of availability is given to customers even in the remotest territories of Pakistan. Mechanized Border Control To provide food for the requirement for vigorous distinguishing proof and confirmation frameworks, NADRA has created Automated Border Control (ABC) framework which fills in as an apparatus for law-authorization offices in destroying unlawful migration and human dealing. The Automated Border Control System is completely computerized migration control framework connected with the focal Passport server. It confirms e-Passport, personality and other travel reports by performing on spot Facial Recognition and Fingerprint Identification with most extreme unwavering quality and productivity. It additionally keeps the record of robotized information confirmation, traveler travel history, flight data, goal, port-of-birthplace, nationality, check log and officer’s remarks. The Automated Border Control is completely prepared to cook for the accompanying capacities: Optical perusing and ID of movement records Identification of traveler through AFIS and Facial 1:1 match Validation of PKI by perusing MRZ and 2D Barcode PDF 417 Identification of traveler information and UV pictures Matching with Blacklist and Exit Control List (ECL)

2014 Princeton Review College Rankings

Where Do Your Favorite Colleges Rank? This week The Princeton Review released its 2013-14 Best 378 Colleges rankings, ranking some of the country’s best colleges in 62 different lists. While we don’t encourage you to make rankings a defining factor when building your balanced college list, these lists can be a good place to start when researching what you want from your college experience. Below are some of our favorite lists with the top five schools from each: Their Students Love These Colleges Virginia Tech Claremont McKenna College Washington University in St Louis Whitman College Kansas State University Best Classroom Experience: Reed College Bennington College Grinnell College Bard College Swarthmore College Best Career Services Pennsylvania State University Northeastern University Bentley University Claremont McKenna College University of Florida Best Campus Food Bowdoin College James Madison University University of Massachusetts-Amherst Virginia Tech Cornell University Most Beautiful Campus University of Mississippi Pepperdine University Florida Southern College Princeton University Rhodes College What do you think of this year's lists? Who do you think was left out? Tell us in the comments below!

Sexuality A Diverse Population Of People And Cultures

Growing up in Queens, New York in the 21st century, exposed me to a diverse population of people and cultures. This is something that I am immensely grateful for as it allowed me to gain a greater understanding for others. Specifically, I have encountered a variety of sexual preferences and identities. With exposure to both social media outlets, like Twitter and Tumblr, and close friends in the LGBTQ+ community, I have developed an accepting attitude towards individuals who stray from the heteronormative ideals that society has set. Even at my college, there is a club for these individuals to unite together. I thoroughly enjoy this greater understanding I get from these sources. However, this also makes me curious why others have such negative and violent reactions to these people. It is a topic that should be explored and discussed by more of the population. Sexuality is an individual’s preference towards sexual interactions. It is an extremely controversial and debated top ic that has emerged in the 21st century. Historically, sexuality was kept extremely private and it was not orthodox to speak of sexual encounters, sodomy being especially taboo. However, today sex and sexual orientation is more openly spoken about on both social media and well as every day conversations. Most people, including myself, have at least one or two people that don’t particularly identify themselves as heterosexual or cis-gendered. It is more commonplace for sexuality and sexual encounters toShow MoreRelatedHow Social Diversity Affects People Within A Single Culture Essay1398 Words   |  6 Pagesrespecting and valuing all forms of difference in individuals. People different in all sorts of ways which may be obvious or visible. These differences might include race, ethnicity, culture, beliefs, gender and sexuality. 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This theoryRead MoreReading Of Roderick A. Ferguson s Aberrations Of Black : Towards A Queer Of Color1203 Words   |  5 Pagessociology, Ferguson pushes for an engagement with racial knowledge about African American culture as it was produced by American sociology if one is to fully understand the gender and sexual variations within the African American culture. One of the principle assumptions of canonical sociology is represented by its use of cultural, racial and sexual differences in the process of pathologizing African American culture. By juxtaposing canonical sociological texts from the Chicago School of Sociology withRead MoreThe Strategies Of Finding A Mate1018 Words   |  5 PagesLauren Soentgen Approach: 1, Source: Buss, 1994 In his article, The Strategies of Finding a Mate, David M. Buss discusses the act of finding a mate and the characteristics that people are drawn to in a mate. He begins the article with a brief look at the history of mating and the theories that have previously been proposed. In particular he addressed Charles Darwin’s theory of sexual evolution and belief in preferential mate choice. Buss proposes that there are three components to human matingRead MoreHip Hop Is Not Going Anywhere1545 Words   |  7 Pagesperiod since the founding of Hip Hop has added to the evolution of the culture and have altered it into something that is more than just a hobby, but a mindset and a part of life that cannot be separated from many different cultures globally. In 1977, popular Hip Hop MCs and Djs lived in poverty in New York and in 2016 artist like Sean Combs, Dr. Dre, and Jay-Z are worth $2.07 billion combined (Greenburg, 2016). A genre and culture that stemmed in a way of healing and r elease in the black and latino

Funding And Staffing Problems The Community Based Mental...

Funding and Staffing Problems The community-based mental health programs are not only inadequate in relation to numbers, but also underfunded (Unite for Sight.org, 2013). According to Martin (1995), we live in a society that is increasingly becoming conscious of an excessive tax burden. Tax burden, on the other hand, provides for the realization of just how deinstitutionalization is directly related to politics and public policy. The pubic in America who account for the electorate, have a significant say in how policy is affected. To this extent the assumption in relation to deinstitutionalization is that due to increased public outcry in regards to taxation, the both federal and state governments have over the years been forced to cut down spending on some items in the recurring budget in order to free up additional funds. According to Treatment Advocacy Center (2011), the federal government in 1965 surgically excluded the payment of Medicaid for patients institutionalized in state psychiatric and other mental disorders institutions. The goals of this action, according to Treatment Advocacy Center (2011) was to foster deinstitutionalization, and the wading of care costs to sates, viewing them as largely responsible for mental care. Because states needed Medicaid reimbursement from the federal government, they had no option but to transfer patients with mental diseases from state hospitals to nursing homes and community psychiatric facilities. It is these alternativeShow MoreRelatedThe Community Mental Health Act Of 19631064 Words   |  5 Pages The Community Mental Health Act of 1963, was the first federal law that inspired community-based mental health care, and it ignited the transformation of the public mental health system (Young Minds Advocacy, 2016). Other names of the Act are Mental Retardation and Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act of 1963. It was the beginning of the Deinstitutionalized movement in mental health treatment options for children, youth, and adults (National Council for Behavioral Health (NCBH),Read MoreAn Assessment Of The Safety Net713 Words   |  3 Pagesthe Report, â€Å"An Assessment of the Safety Net in Detroit, Michigan† Problem statement The safety net in Detroit is in a crisis. According to the report, â€Å"hospital beds have disappeared, physicians have moved away, clinics have closed their doors, and emergency departments have been overwhelmed.† As a result, many low-income Medicaid, underinsured and uninsured Detroit residents lack access to adequate and comprehensive health care, especially primary and specialty care services. Evidence andRead MoreLeading Group Challenges1610 Words   |  7 Pagesstate, or local task forces. Some of the challenges they confront are budget and staffing shortfalls, political perspectives on the roles of law enforcement personnel in society, and the changing nature of crime and the difficulties associated with keeping up with these trends (Bryant, 2010). * Funding for law enforcement agencies are dependent on state and local funding for their operations. Budget cuts trigger staffing reductions for criminal justice managers. Personnel reduction makes it hardRead MoreHealth Promotional Activity: Whole Body Wellness2061 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Introduction- To be effective, a modern nursing must balance patient care versus staffing; procedures versus patient load; egos versus patient need; and, unfortunately fiscal budgeting versus appropriate care. The modern nurse must realize that there position is one of continual multiple horizontal priorities, and act accordingly. As managers, regardless of the subfield, we will be expected not only to understand the organizations budgetary concerns, but to actively manage them as well (Lumby andRead MoreDiscourse Analysis On The Occupational Therapy Profession1568 Words   |  7 Pages Joel Shelby WRI 3010 Professor Lana Sumpter 8/29/2017 Baker College of Flint â€Æ' Discourse Analysis Report Introduction According to (Deapul.edu, n.d.), a discourse community is a group of individuals that communicate and covey their message in the professional and public domain. This format of communication depending on the job field is known as discursive practices (Deapul.edu, n.d.). These communications practices can include communication avenues specific to the field. This can include journalsRead MoreThe Mental Health Care Field2209 Words   |  9 PagesIn the United States the Mental Health Care field is one of the most underserved areas of healthcare. The mental healthcare field faces many challenges to the proper treatment of patients from both a societal and professional standpoint. From a societal perspective a negative stereotype is associated with patients seeking psychiatric care. Patients seeking care are often labeled as defective or damaged. Add in the complication that most patients with mental illness appear to be normal, acceptingRead MoreHome Health Care For A Nursing Home151 3 Words   |  7 Pagesseeking home health care because it’s less expensive, convenient and they prefer to receive medical attention in their home environment. Home health care allows patients to receive health care services within the comfort of their own home for their illness or injury and requires the nurse and other needed healthcare professionals to work around the patient’s schedule. Visiting Nurse Health Systems (VNHS) is an organization that strives to help patients successfully manage their health and provideRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Is The Highest Rate Of Incarceration Rates Among African American Males1339 Words   |  6 Pagessocial term in society often used to describe individuals who have been involved in criminal activity. This term refers to criminal behavior, which is variously defined by different legal systems. Juvenile Delinquency is prominent in inner city communities- vastly lower income poverty shook areas. Background Juvenile Delinquents are being incarcerated at earlier ages as time progresses. The term delinquent speaks of two or more youths, typically amongst the ages of ten and seventeen years old, whoRead MoreVisiting A Nurse Health Systems ( Vnhs )1644 Words   |  7 Pagesseeking home health care because it’s less expensive, convenient and they prefer to receive medical attention in their home environment. Amazingly, home health care allows patients to receive health care services within the comfort of their own home for their illness or injury and requires the nurse and other needed healthcare professionals to work around the patient’s schedule. Visiting Nurse Health Systems (VNHS) is an organization that strives to help patients successfully manage their health and provideRead MoreThe Regulation And Taxation Of Marijuana Act1618 Words   |  7 Pagesadministrative fees, enforcement officials, and regulation staffing. Administrative fees will include payment for Cannabis A dvisory Board, Cannabis Control Commission, and other such staffing. The remaining balance in the Fund will remain and carry over for following expenditures. Theses revenues may also be allocated to the Drug Awareness Program in which individuals who violate the statute, age regulation or quantity, may be forced to attend. Once the funding is in, a better understanding of the number of

Analysis of X Nursing Theory

Question: Write about theAnalysis of X Nursing Theory. Answer: Introduction The works of Florence Nightingale on the book "What it is and what it is not" published in the year 1859 forms the basis of defining a nursing theory (Alligood, 2014). Nightingale was of the opinion that a nurse is a professional with the mandate to manipulate the situation and environment to promote recovery and wellbeing of the patient (Alligood, 2014). Subsequently, since then, several theorists have come into existence. For instance, Nancy Roper liaised with other theorists such as Alison J. Tierney and Winifred W. Logan to develop the model of "Roper-Logan-Tierney model of living." The model is a nursing theory that finds meaning in explaining the activities of daily living as factors underpinning the assessment of a patient's care (Williams, 2017). Further, the Roper-Logan-Tierney model for nursing relates to the works of Virginia Avernal Henderson who is of the opinion that nursing interventions are focused on helping an individual perform activities that will improve his or h er health and largely help the patient to be independent (Arnold and Boggs, 2015). As such, the ideas in this article seek to illustrate the functionality of the Roper-Logan-Tierney model of nursing in promoting recovery and wellbeing within an acute health setting. Further, the paper will set a discussion on the different five factors that determine the patient's independence concerning daily activities. Finally, the paper will provide a succinct summary of the discussed ideas concerning the thesis statement as shown below. In Australia, the theory is more prevalent and is used as an assessment tool for analyzing patients' care. Moreover, the model is reported to be of significant role when establishing interventions to determine the quality of life of an admitted patient or a patient in an outpatient unit. Notably, the works of Erci, 2015 stipulate that the Roper-Logan-Tierney model of nursing define living within an acute health setting: and goes beyond the little planning strategy to boost independence within patients. The theory categorizes finding of a patients' living as dependent and independent factors: where dependent factors are things that require a medical practitioner to intervene for the patient to perform them whereas independent factors are characterized by the patient's ability to perform certain roles without help and being monitored. What is more is that Roper posits that the model should not be viewed as a checklist instead, it is a framework for the evaluation of patient daily livin g activities. The model assumes the theoretical aspect of note taking and establishes a patient-centered care plan to understand the physical, emotional, psychological aspect of the patient (Hill, 2015). Analysis of the changes in the patient's health provides the nurse with clues on whether the patient is improving or not hence allowing room for implementation of interventions relevant to the health condition presented with the patient. Furthermore, the activities of daily living according to the Roper-Logan-Tierney model of nursing include but are not limited to sustaining a secure environment, efficient communication, controlling body temperature, eating habits, mobility, and sleeping patterns (Mason, 2014). Also, depending on the level of acuteness within the health setting, factors such as sexuality and death are considered. Another key thing to remember is that the integration and assessment of the five different factors make the nursing model all encompassing and efficient. The factors include psychological, sociocultural, biological, politico-economic, and environmental. Psychological Factors Psychological factors include the cognitive ability of the patient towards coping up with the disease. Additionally, psychological factors express the emotion and the religious beliefs of the patient. According to the model, Roper is of the opinion that psychological factors allow the clinician to relate with the patient and understand his or her feelings, beliefs, and thoughts (Michl et al., 2013). Sociocultural Factors According to Moon, 2013 sociocultural factor is the role played by the family and community at large and determines the dependency level of the patient. Strata characterize social factors where class and status is of significant value. Culturally, traditional beliefs are analyzed to understand how the condition is perceived within the community. Moreover, the values upheld by the patient are assessed depending on the ability to perform certain daily activities. Biological Factors The biological aspect of the model attempts to explain the physiological activities of the patient. Notably, within an acute health setting, the nurses in charge assess the degree of severity of the illness. It is after analyzing the psychological and sociocultural factors that a nurse gets the past medical history and evaluates the biological factors with an aim to implement an intervention. Politicoeconomic Factors Politicoeconomic factors are described as the impact of government policies on the health care system. Additionally, the section analyzes the role played by political leaders in promoting or hindering access to quality health care. Importantly, the model finds meaning in evaluating the health care system in countries prone to conflict: by addressing issues related to policy making by the government officials and health managers. Moreover, it is to such evidence that the WHO report on the promotion of recovery and wellbeing within an acute mental health setting in the indigenous Australians (Parahoo, 2014). The works of W explains the term the "stolen generation" and indicates the side effects of eh regime to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders: marginalization and the brutal force associated with sexual child abuse brought about by colonialism led to trauma amid the native Australians. Environmental Factors According to Roper's theory, environmental factors are categorized as external factors that influence the daily activities of a patient: acting as promoters or inhibitors to access of quality health care (Townsend, 2014). For instance, amid the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders being confined in schemes and kids abducted acted as a catalyst to promoting trauma. Further, the sexual abuse and their lands grabbed indicate the role of environmental factors in determining the dependence and independence level of a patient. Impact of the Roper's theory of Nursing on Nursing Practice Today In the modern Australia, the federal government, state government, and the ministry of health are working together to promote recovery and wellbeing within acute mental health setting (Erci, 2015). Realization of the set goals calls for the establishment a medical platform that guides the nurses on how to help both indigenous and non-indigenous Australians. Therefore, adoption and implementation of the Roper's theory of nursing have seen the promotion of recovery amid the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders affected by trauma. For instance, the direct health care is an initiative by the Australian government aimed at reducing the gap regarding access to better health care, proper housing, and reduce unemployment ratio amid the native Australians (Masom, 2014). As such, several programs have been initiated to assess and improve the quality of life of the indigenous people of Australia. First, the "Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Chronic Disease Fund" is a government initiativ e program that has paid attention to details regarding Roper's theory of nursing as a platform to engage nurses with patients. Secondly, the "Australian nurse family partnership program" is a nurse-based program implemented across the Australian region with the aim of guiding and counseling families undergoing physical or emotional problems (Arnold and Boggs, 2015). Finally, the "nationally framework for recovery-oriented mental health services" is a platform through which nurses in Australia get to implement the Roper's theory of nursing and promote recovery and well-being to the diversity of citizens (Hill, 2015). The research is of significant value as it seeks to make use of lived experiences to assess the daily activities of a patient and implement an intervention. Therefore, it is evident that the Roper's theory of nursing has positively influenced the Australian health care system through provision of alternative mechanisms for engaging patients and nurses: where factors beyond vital issues are assessed. Using the Roper's Theory of Nursing in the Nursing Practice As a nursing student, one is expected to apply the theoretical aspect of nursing into practice. The main purpose is to describe several works of scholars about nursing theories. Moreover, in some instances, a nursing student will be expected to assess a patient in an acute health setting and make use of your learned skills from the Roper's theory of nursing to formulate an intervention. As such, the model prepares the nursing student for future work in a health setting. Additionally, the knowledge about roper's theory of nursing creates a platform for understanding of illness regarding its social, economic, political, and cultural value. Furthermore, implementation of the Roper's theory in nursing practice orientates an individual to pay attention to personal details that most physicians overlook. Again, as Roper asserts that the model is a national framework and it assumes the ethnic background of patients, a nursing student finds it relevant to address and treat illness regardless of the setting and the disease: the patients have the same needs. Conclusion To that end, it is possible to discern that adoption and implementation of Roper' theory of nursing allow engagement of nurses and patients with an aim to promote recovery and wellbeing. The five factors presented by the model ensure that a patient's needs are addressed in totality, and the best alternative is offered. Assessment of the daily living activities is a measure of the dependency and independence level. Therefore, there is a growing need for inclusion of practical lessons in the curriculum to support the implementation of nursing theory. References Alligood, M. R. (2014). Nursing theorists and their work. Elsevier Health Sciences. Arnold, E. C., Boggs, K. U. (2015). Interpersonal relationships: Professional communication skills for nurses. Elsevier Health Sciences. Erci, B. (2015). Nursing Theories and Models Applied to Vulnerable Populations: Examples from Turkey. Caring for the Vulnerable, 91. Hill, R. (2015). Assessment, Planning, Implementation and Evaluation (APIE). Essentials of Nursing Practice, 197. Mason, R. (2014). Incorporating injustice: immigrant vulnerability and Latin Americans in multicultural Australia. Journal of Intercultural Studies, 35(5), 549-562. Michl, L. C., McLaughlin, K. A., Shepherd, K., Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2013). Rumination as a mechanism linking stressful life events to symptoms of depression and anxiety: Longitudinal evidence in early adolescents and adults. Journal of abnormal psychology, 122(2), 339. Moon, J. A. (2013). Reflection in learning and professional development: Theory and practice. Routledge. Parahoo, K. (2014). Nursing research: principles, process and issues. Palgrave Macmillan. Townsend, M. C. (2014). Psychiatric mental health nursing: Concepts of care in evidence-based practice. FA Davis. Williams, B. C. (2017). The Roper-Logan-Tierney model of nursing. Nursing2017 Critical Care, 12(1), 17-20.

Influence Of Mega Events On Tourism Tourism Essay Example

Influence Of Mega Events On Tourism Tourism Essay Mega-events addition more and more importance for assorted facets. On the one manus they have immense impacts on the host states and on the other manus they play a important function for the touristry industry ( Roche, 2000 ) . These yearss a immense scope of mega-events is offered to diverse mark groups. Harmonizing to Getz ( 1991 ; as cited in Robertson, 2006 ) athletics events are more celebrated for male participants whereas humanistic disciplines and cultural events derive more importance for female participants. The scope of mega-events offered are large featuring events like the Olympic Games, the FIFA football World Cup, Formula One, every bit good as many more subjects. Furthermore there are besides World Fairs like the Expo, large music festivals as for illustration the Glastonbury Festival in the sou-west of England or the Cannes Film Festival in France, merely to call some of the legion offers. All of them are taking topographic point in different states, parts or metropoliss spread out all over the universe. Some of them ever stay in one location whereas others rotate or change the locale each clip. Besides there is besides a fluctuation in the frequence the events take topographic point. There are some events that are hold several times during a twelvemonth and there are others that are one time a twelvemonth whereas many merely even occur every 2nd, 3rd or 4th twelvemonth. Besides the continuance of each individual event varies. We will write a custom essay sample on Influence Of Mega Events On Tourism Tourism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Influence Of Mega Events On Tourism Tourism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Influence Of Mega Events On Tourism Tourism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The purpose of this essay is to critically measure the influence mega-events have on touristry. It contains general information about mega-events, like definitions. As there is a immense scope of different events along with many issues, the writer of this essay is concentrating on athleticss mega-events merely ; on their diverse stakeholders every bit good as on the undertaking of hosting them. The essay ends with a decision and recommendations for future mega- events. Mega-events in general are non easy to specify due to the different signifiers as mentioned in the debut. In 1988 Jafari did non cognize how to clearly specify them. For him it was non clear what an event needed to carry through to be considered a mega-event. Therefore he had the undermentioned inquiries that needed to be answered beforehand: Is it more of import to see the figure of visitants attracted ? Or should it be the continuance or the orientation it has that makes it a mega-event ( Jafar Jafari, 1988: 272 ) ? However, Robertson ( 2006: 1 ) presented the definition Roche ( 1994 ) made: Mega-events are best understood as large-scale cultural ( including commercial and featuring ) events which have a dramatic character, mass popular entreaty and international significance. Roche avoids paying attending to the continuance but in contrast considers the international importance as a key-value. Sing the global significance he mentions within his definition, can be absolutely reflected in the country of athleticss mega-events which are performed by international jocks and at the same time are watched all over the universe. But before even reasoning about athleticss mega-events it is of import to specify what they are considered to be. Harmonizing to Horne ( 2006 ) sport mega-events are of import elements in the orientation of states to international or planetary society. As can be seen here, Horne talks about the importance of the global idea as good. This makes obvious that mega-events ever have an influence on the whole universe. There is the possibility that they take topographic point about all over the universe and besides that the visitants are coming from all over the universe, excessively, to watch such a spectacle, which covers the touristry facet in this instance. But it is of import to be cognizant that every individual event has a different figure of visitants coming due to several grounds. Above all it is necessary to look at the topographic point the event takes topographic point. This is really important because of likely bing political issues, terrorist onslaughts, conditions ( e.g. monsoon ) and wellness hazards ( e.g. malaria ) for illustration, tourers would instead see a state where they fee l safe than a state where they perchance would be afraid of. So the figure of visitants attracted is non merely dependant on the subject of the event itself but besides on the state where it takes topographic point. One cardinal inquiry is: why did mega-events addition such an importance for the whole planetary community within the last old ages? To clear up this inquiry Horne ( 2006 ) suggests as stated in Robertson ( 2006:2 ) that there are three grounds for the enlargement and turning attractive force of mega-events. First he mentions the media as an of import factor for it. The possibility to utilize mass communicating is responsible for unprecedented planetary audiences for these eyeglassess. As can be seen, the media makes it possible for the whole universe to take part in a certain manner in mega-events by e.g. watching them on Television or reading about them in newspapers. Second he names a theoretical account called tri-partite theoretical account . Within this theoretical account are sponsorship rights, sole broadcast medium rights and selling which have been pulling patrons by the association with the athleticss and the huge planetary audience exposure the events achieve. ( Robertson, 2006:2 ) . And thirdly there is besides the importance of using as host state, metropolis or part because harmonizing to Robertson ( 2006: 2 ) mega-events have become seen as valuable promotional chances for metropoliss and parts. Particularly this 3rd ground makes obvious why there are ever so many metropoliss, parts and states using to host such a large spectacle. However, these bidders should take into consideration that hosting a mega-event can besides do negative impacts. For illustration for the Olympic Games 2008 in Beijing where a immense figure of people has been displaced in the readying of the Games for constructing the needed substructure. This is a bad issue because the same job will inevitable occur for the Olympic Games taking topographic point in London 2012 and likely besides for all the approaching Games in the hereafter. However, when believing about this it is non truly sensible that for illustration the local population has to endure when a mega-event is taking topographic point in the country where they are populating. Otherwise hosting a mega-event has many advantages for the host metropolis, part or state: legion occupations are created and most notably there is the possibility of enlarging touristry. But harmonizing to Roche ( 2000: 141 ) : [ aˆÂ ¦ ] any new command is likely to concentrate on long-run image-building and non short-run touristic economic returns. That means that those responsible of a possible host metropolis or state know, that they might non profit from the event short-run but there will be more touristry long-run due to an improved image for illustration. This goes along with Kang and Perdue ( 1994 ; as cited in Roche, 2000: 141 ) : mega-events have a long-run impact on international touristry to the host state ; the impact is the greatest in the twelvemonth following the event and diminishes over clip. Besides that there are other writers who besides see the possible economic impact. As stated by Toohey and Veal ( 2007 ) the possible positive economic consequence is the ground for metropoliss and states to offer to host a mega-event. In add-on to the possibility to enlarge touristry in long-run there are several other stimulations to host a mega-event harmonizing to Richard Cashman ( 1999 ; as cited in Toohey and Veal, 2007: 74 ) : He mentions different signifiers of bequests like economic benefits, built environment ( transport substructure ) , public life, political relations, civilization and built clean substructure. All these bequests benefit the host metropolis or state long-run. Additionally to the long-run impacts there is ever the danger of incorrect appraisals harmonizing to Horne ( 2006 ; as stated in Robertson, 2006: 5 ) : [ aˆÂ ¦ ] prognosiss are about ever incorrect. [ aˆÂ ¦ ] A major concern in considerations of athleticss mega-events has been the spread between the prognosis and existent impacts on economic system, society and civilization. Harmonizing to Horne and Manzenreiter ( 2006 ) another of import fact is that on the one manus some countries will profit through tourers sing a mega-event but on the other manus the organisers have to be cognizant that tourers who possibly would hold come to see the metropolis or part will non come because they are non interested in the event. There will ever be a batch of people who come because of the event taking topographic point but there will besides be adequate people who avoid to see the host metropolis or part because they are possibly non interested in the event that is offered or they do non desire to be in that peculiar topographic point when there are so many other people at the same clip. Harmonizing to Kim and Chalip ( 2004: 695 ) sellers of mega-events have the demand to excite international trial to their event in order to optimise the events fiscal and touristry results. As seen it is the undertaking of the sellers to do a mega-event attractive to appeal to as many tourers as possible. Sing the facet of pulling tourers Kim and Chalip ( 2004 ) see events as pull-factors for finishs. This goes along with Alexandris et Al. ( 2009 ) , who mention that mega-events play an of import function in schemes that expressly target an international touristry market. In add-on to this, Weed ( 2008: 296 ) provinces that The chief economic benefit for a part derives from the ingestion by visitants during the event and increased touristry in the station event period. As can be seen he besides mentions the addition of touristry takes topographic point after the event and to boot brings up the theory of ingestion during the event. But it is non easy to gauge the economic benefit that will be made through hosting a mega-event because along with Preuss ( 2008 ; as cited in Weed, 2008: 296 ) one of the chief hurdlings in finding the economic impact of major multi-sport events on a metropolis or part is the deficiency of cognition on ingestion forms of visitants and the figure of ind ividuals that are sing the event. There are many different parties that make net income through the ingestion of the visitants like air hoses, hotels, eating houses, sightseeing administrations every bit good as general tourer attractive forces. As a mega-event is such a large spectacle it has to be planned for a really long clip. Harmonizing to Robertson ( 2006: 10 ) [ aˆÂ ¦ ] things come together after months and sometimes old ages of planning. Therefore different stakeholders are indispensable as there are so many undertakings that have to be fulfilled and as there is the demand of a immense sum of money to do mega-events go on. This leads to a really of import inquiry: who is paying for organizing any sort of mega-event? A perfect illustration that shows the complexness about funding a mega-event are the approaching Olympic Games in London 2012. As the official Internet website presentation of the Olympic Games in London provinces, there are two cardinal administrations one private, one populace. ( London 2012, 2010 ) . Harmonizing to this website the private sector is the London Organising Committee of the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games ( LOCOG ) . The budget they have will be delivered through the privat e sector by for illustration the sale of tickets and trading articles, every bit good as it will have income from the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) and extra money through a domestic sponsorship programme ( London 2012, 2010 ) . The public sector, which is responsible for the new locales and the substructure, is represented by the Olympic Delivery Authority ( ODA ) . TheA ODA is funded by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport, the Greater London Authority, the London Development Agency and the Olympic Lottery Distributor ( London 2012, 2010 ) . As can be seen there are many different organisations that have to pay a immense sum of money to fund this specific large spectacle. And of class it would non be possible to do such an event happen if there were non so many support it. However, as mentioned by Toohey and Veal ( 2007 ) the host metropolis or state knows beforehand that hosting a mega-event will be them more money than they in fact will derive. So why are at that place each clip so many bidders who want to host a mega-event? This inquiry can easy be answered with the already above mentioned statements that the long-run impacts of these events are more of import for a metropolis or the whole state than the fact that they have to pay more money than they really will have through hosting them. This facet was already found out by Pyo et Al. ( 1988 ; as stated in Roche, 2000: 141 ) by looking on several Olympic Games between 1964 and 1984, that there were non adequate visitants and there was non adequate disbursement by them to warrant the event costs . Along with Toohey and Veal ( 2007: 127 ) the most of import beginning of income for the organisers are the airing rights: [ aˆÂ ¦ ] the Olympic Movement is significantly dependent on income from airing rights. Furthermore they list some other chief beginnings of income for Game events: universe and local sponsorship, ticket gross revenues, lottery, sale of trading articles every bit good as Government contributions. ( Toohey and Veal, 2007: 135 ) . These statements show that there are many beginnings where money can be gained earlier and during a mega-event but it has ever and likely will ever be less than the money spend beforehand and during the event by the organisers. Research for this essay shows that it is non easy to specify mega-events in one term due to the immense scope of bing events. However there are assorted sorts of events that are called mega-events but each individual event has a different figure of visitants, a different mark group that is attracted and besides the continuance varies. The fact that mega-events can take topographic point practically all over the universe makes them a modern-day issue for the travel and touristry industry. There may be some tourers who could be afraid to see a certain state for illustration due to political issues or wellness hazards. Therefore each state that is chosen to host a mega-event will hold different impacts. There will ever be a difference in the figure of visitants attracted to an event and above all each host metropolis or state will hold different long-run touristry impacts afterwards. As seen hosting a mega-event does non gain the host metropolis or state short-run but all the statements like enlarging touristry long-run, constructing enduring conveyance substructure and edifice up the image of a state are more of import than the loss of money that likely will be coming in the old ages after the event took topographic point. But even when the costs for hosting mega-events are much higher than the money gained through them such immense events are really of import for the whole universe as already mentioned by Robertson ( 2006 ) and Weed ( 2008 ) . Because of all the above mentioned statements mega-events are a modern-day issue for travel and touristry and due to the fact that such events will at least take topographic point in the close hereafter the issues will be prevailing. In the sentiment of this essays writer events and particularly mega-events conveying the universe together due to the planetary importance and decidedly assist people to acquire a better apprehension of other states. Mega-events like Olympic Games and exhibitions have been and go on to be of import phenomena at many degrees and in many respects . ( Roche, 2000:5 )

7 Solutions for Repetitive Sentence Structure

7 Solutions for Repetitive Sentence Structure 7 Solutions for Repetitive Sentence Structure 7 Solutions for Repetitive Sentence Structure By Mark Nichol It takes little time or effort to spruce up a sentence that includes repetitive-sounding phrases. Here are some examples of minor revisions that eliminate echoes of phrasing: 1. â€Å"Six models are available, from a one-bedroom bungalow for $81,000 to a three-bedroom, two-story city house for about $200,000.† Avoid the â€Å"this for that, this for that† structure of this sentence by varying the second for phrase: â€Å"Six models are available, from an $81,000 one-bedroom bungalow to a three-bedroom, two-story city house priced in the low $200,000s.† 2. â€Å"Locations range from Sonoma, Berkeley, and Crockett in the San Francisco Bay Area to Shelter Island in Washington State.† The â€Å"this in that† repetition here is resolved by flipping the city/state order of the second element by using the possessive form of the larger geographic element: â€Å"Locations range from Sonoma, Berkeley, and Crockett in the San Francisco Bay Area to Washington State’s Vashon Island.† This type of solution is often useful even when no repetition occurs; â€Å"Chicago’s downtown hub,† for example, flows more smoothly than â€Å"the downtown hub of Chicago.† (Also, note in the example above that the capitalization of state is correct; this is an anomalous usage when distinguishing between the state of Washington and Washington, DC.) 3. â€Å"Her designs include the Vitra company’s fire station in Weil am Rhein, Germany, the Mind Zone at the Millennium Dome in London, and a tram station and car park in Strasbourg, France.† Introducing variations in this reference to buildings in various locations reduces the number of prepositions from four to two: â€Å"Her designs include the Vitra company’s fire station, in Weil am Rhein, Germany; the Mind Zone, at London’s Millennium Dome; and a Strasbourg, France, tram station and car park.† Note that because formal writing calls for setting off restrictive phrases without a comma, â€Å"the Mind Zone at London’s Millennium Done,† for example, implies that other Mind Zones are to be found elsewhere the three elements of this sentence have been separated by semicolons. 4. â€Å"The story bridges the stylistic gap between the dreams of Tim Burton and the nightmares of David Lynch.† The fix in the second example, above, can be applied to names of people as well as those of places: â€Å"The story bridges the stylistic gap between the dreams of Tim Burton and David Lynch’s nightmares.† 5. â€Å"They range from venerable standards such as House Beautiful, with a circulation of 7.6 million, to the local up-and-comer, Dwell, with a circulation of about 250,000.† Substitution of â€Å"which has† for a weak with and elegant variation of one word strengthens this sentence: â€Å"They range from venerable standards such as House Beautiful, with a circulation of 7.6 million, to the local up-and-comer, Dwell, which has a readership of about 250,000.† Various revisions of the final phrase are possible. You could choose a more vivid verb and write â€Å"which boasts 250,000 readers,† for example, but be careful about weighted words such as boasts and claims. Also, in some sentences, the grammatical structure of â€Å"the 250,000-reader Dwell† is valid, but applying the template here produces awkward wording. 6. â€Å"In the white winters, you can sled or cross-country ski, or drive to the North Lake Tahoe ski resorts. In the hot, bright summers, there’s hiking through giant forests, climbing the towering Sierra Buttes, and swimming in the 130 nearby lakes. In the autumn, the deciduous trees glow with vivid fall colors, and in the spring, the masses of wildflowers create a psychedelic dreamscape.† The repetitive â€Å"in the (noun)† introductory phrases in this paragraph are mitigated by some variety in the respective following phrases, but further differentiation is easily accomplished: â€Å"In the white winters, you can sled or cross-country ski, or drive to the North Lake Tahoe ski resorts. During the hot, bright summers, there’s hiking through giant forests, climbing the towering Sierra Buttes, and swimming in the 130 nearby lakes. Come autumn, the deciduous trees glow with vivid fall colors, and when spring arrives, the masses of wildflowers create a psychedelic dreamscape.† 7. â€Å"She says that over the past month, she’s made over 350 calls on her cell phone.† Avoid using a word more than once in a sentence, especially if it has different meanings each time: â€Å"She says that over the past month, she’s made more than 350 calls on her cell phone.† (But generally, when you come across over used in the sense of â€Å"more than,† don’t automatically correct it unless your workplace’s style guide mandates it. If you believe that over, as an alternative to â€Å"more than,† is not valid, get over it: Many usage manuals and style guides accept either term to mean â€Å"in excess of.†) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Congratulations on or for?44 Resume Writing TipsParticular vs. Specific

Research he Effects of Social Media on Arab Revolutions especially in Paper

He Effects of Social Media on Arab Revolutions especially in Egypt, Syria and Yemen - Research Paper Example They employed various forms of communication and information networks such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Skype, Yahoo Messenger, cell phone technology and much more for making the world know about the violence and autocracy in their respective countries. Egypt Revolution that forced President Hosni Mubarak to leave his presidency was a continued effort of the social media activists who worked on Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, Google Maps and many mediums of communication and information sharing were employed in bringing in a change in the Egypt. A digital guide for information sharing on Twitter and through mobile phones was prepared by ‘Global Voices’ and ‘Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights’, so that people can inform about arrests of activists. The social media worked as a connection linking Egypt with the entire Arab world involving them in change. Facebook was employed for multiple uses such as increasing knowledge about current unrest, broadening the level of information sharing to worldly level and management of activists and their actions. Twitter was used for giving information to the journalists and informed them about video footages’ location on internet. Overall, â€Å"the social media played a pivotal role in scaling connections between people, in achieving density, disseminating courage, awareness and sympathy, and in countering misinformation generated by the oppressive Egyptian regime in many countries around the world† (Frangonikolopoulos & Chapsos, 2012). The Egyptian government, under the leadership of Hosni Mubarak, sensed the efficacy of social media in enabling people towards handling a revolt against the government, due to which, they restricted internet usage. â€Å"With the internet crackdown, President Hosni Mubarak betrayed his own fear — that  Facebook,  Twitter, laptops and smartphones could empower his opponents, expose his weakness to

The science of Addiction - psychology Assignment

The science of Addiction - psychology - Assignment Example It provides an insight of chemical interaction that takes place at the synaptic level that causes the drug user to feel â€Å"high†. The most interactive and yet knowledgeable was â€Å"Mouse Party†. It is self-explanatory and provides an in depth understanding about the 7 most dreaded drugs of abuse causing addiction encompassing: LSD, Cocaine, Alcohol, Methamphetamine, Marijuana, Ectasy, Heroin. Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter located in our Central Nervous System making it one of our most important neurotransmitters. Another neurotransmitter of CNS called Norephinephrine is manufactured from dopamine. Dopamine, along with Norephinephrine, plays an imperative role in attention and focus. Drugs affecting attention and focus affects the signaling pathway of dopamine and therefore many of the aspects of the website focus on the neurotransmitter Dopamine which is also called as â€Å"happy neurotransmitter† responsible for the feeling of pleasure, attachment, sense of altruism and integration of thoughts and feelings. Moreover deficiencies of Dopamine cause anhedonia, lack of ability to feel love, sense attachment to another, lack of remorse about actions, distractibility. Thus dopamine play imperative role in the control of movement and therefore the website emphasized a lot on dopamine. The action of various drugs is well explained on this site under the section â€Å"How Drugs Can Kill†. This states that drugs are toxic substances and long-term drug abuse can badly affect the health of an individual, on the other hand even a single dose can be detrimental. E.g. Heroin is the cause for maximum deaths due to overdose of the drug. Under normal conditions the respiratory balance is maintained by excitatory and inhibitory signals by glutamate and GABA respectively, but a toxic dose of heroin enhances the inhibitory effect of GABA which reduces the breathing and

Acknowledgement- master dissertation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Acknowledgement- master dissertation - Essay Example XXXX taught me that to learn is to constantly challenge what I have learned. It was only through his support and persevering patience that I found the courage and will to overcome the many obstacles and vicissitudes on my way to finishing this dissertation. - My professors, XXXX and XXXX, for their helpful comments and insightful critique in guiding me through the techniques of dissertation writing and choice of topic. Their pragmatic realism coupled with constant encouragement allowed me to grow in both knowledge and character. - My beloved father, Dr. XXXXX, who stands as my role model in both my personal and academic life, for his unwavering support and prayers for my wellbeing and success, and for always being there for me; - My mother, my first and wisest teacher, for raising me to value knowledge and virtue, and for standing by me and encouraging me with her sweet words and unshakeable faith in my eventual success, not only in my graduate studies, for in everything I pursue in life. - My dear husband, XXXXX, for being the wind beneath my wings, and for being the wellspring of support and patience I needed to forge on. It is his belief and trust in me that saw me through the most difficult times in the course of my graduate

Nationalism in All Quiet on The Western Front :: All Quiet on the Western Front Essays

Nationalism in All Quiet on The Western Front      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nationalism can be defined as having a sense of belonging and loyalty to ones country or nation state. Of all the European nations, France was the first to sport the idea of nationalism. Many countries became influenced by the French's ideas of nationali sm, As a result nationalism had spread throught out Europe by the nineteenth and twenteth century. One result that nationalisn had on Europe was, the wanting of unification. The people of nation states wanted their country to belong to. This wanting lea d to the unfying of Italy and Germany. Soon nationalism had increased the peoples confidedence., and a feeling of imperialism ran through the unified countries.   Unified countries such as France, Germany, Russia wanted to extend their empires.   But this Imperialism in Europe led to many conflicts between countries. All this Conflict eventually resulted in the begining of Worls War I.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The causes of World War I were the intense nationalism that dominated Europe throughout the 19th and into the 20th century, and the establishment of large armies in Europe after 1871. Imperialism created a rivaly between nations and empires. The build up   of armies and navies created fear between nations. France feared Germany, Germany feared Russia, Austria-Hungary and Russia rivaled around Bulkans, Britain feared German's expanding navy, Slovakia wanted to free Slavian land from Astria-Hungary's apressi on. Italy was jealous of French and English colonies in Africa. Ottoman Empire struggled to survive in a hostile climate. Germany signed a secret alliance with Austria-Hungray and Italy, thus creating a Triple Alliance. France and Russia signed an Entente   agreement which was later signed by Britain, thus creating Triple Entante. Then Europe was divided into hostile camps. During this time nationalism had caused a golrified view of the war. Thise view showed how inexpirence the people of Europe were in war far. In Erich Maria Remarque's novel All Quiet on the Western Front, we can see that eventhough this gorious view contradicted the Germans soildiers expectations, they still stayed loyal.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the Begining of the novel we read that Paul Baumer and his class mates had volunteered to enlist in the war. But they were forced in to volunteering. Their school master Kantorek had filled their heads up with views of nationalism which glorified the war.

Inkwell Limited Essay

1. TERMS OF REFERENCE 1.1 This report reviews and investigates Inkwell Ltd’s accounting system in relation to establishing and setting recommendations in order to conclude that its system and controls are enhanced as well as protected to minimize the risk of fraud. 1.2 The report investigates the main stakeholders of the organization at large both internal and external as well as the information it needs it has from the system. 1.3 Recommended costs and benefits are analyzed together with the risk of fraud towards the organization. 1.4 Lastly the report is part of the AAT level 4 Diploma in Accounting. 2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2.1 The report reviews the internal control within the accounting system of Inkwell Limited and recommendations to upgrade them. Findings are concluded that Inkwell Ltd ought to employ enough, fully trained staff with relevant qualifications and work full time as well as following company’s policies. Training staff results in having competent staff which will reduce confusion and enhance confidence of employees in their work. 2.2 The report recommends that accounting system ought to be improved so as to develop controls for the operations of the organization like password access, authorization and attendance record by purchasing clock cards so that the risk of fraud can be minimized too. 2.3 The report recommends that Inkwell Ltd ought to buy an electronic generator which will act as a reserve during time of power cut such that vital information of the company is always protected even if there is power cut. 3. METHODOLOGY 3.1 A research from books and internet was used as reference in order to come  up with this report and it was based on the case study. 3.2 A fraud matrix was used to investigate the potential of fraud within the accounting system and protecting controls in practice by analyzing them. 3.3 Reviewing the existing accounting system over a period of three months to enable a SWOT analysis to be produced was also used to plan and investigate the report. 4. INTRODUCTION TO THE ORGANISATION 4.1 Inkwell Ltd is a large company in Birmingham supplying complete range of re-manufactured inkjet and laser tower cartridges to small retailers and large trade customers. It is a limited company established seven years ago by two of its controlling shareholders, Paul Farnon and Victoria Dawson. So far it has revenue of over  £16 million, 80% being from small retailers while 20% is from large trade customers. It employs around 180 full time employees and 2 part time staff at the head office. 4.2 Inkwell Ltd has grown since the founders of it realized the need to have more professional Accounting expertise like Finance Director and other diverse clerks. The two of Inkwell Ltd’s directors has experience of dealing with this type of business from their prior companies they have worked for. 4.3 The organization has relatively flat structure with two supervisors reporting to the directors and then further clerks reporting to their supervisors. The leadership style used is consultative where combination of democratic and autocratic is involved. Appendix 1 expands the structure in full. 4.4 The accounts system is a centralized system consisting of 28 computers in head office site and 60 in shops/branches where online shops are opened 24/7.The inventory control system is based around on excel spreadsheet, the sage payroll system for payroll calculations and windows vista operating system is used. The password â€Å"Go Green† has been used and currently in use to log on all the computers of the company. In head office site every member of staff has his/her own computer whether full/part time whereas in branches each computer and printer is shared by 3-4 member of staff that are for part time.10% discount is given against the cost of a replacement cartridges if old one s are brought by a customers. 4.5 External regulation affecting the organization 4.5.1 The Company’s Act 2006-This sets out the way in which financial  statements should be prepared so Inkwell Ltd will have to comply with this Act to mitigate all possible fines that might arise. 4.5.2 UK Accounting Standards-This defines procedures and approaches to the preparation of financial statements that the organization must take. They are either known as Statements of Standard Accounting Practices (SSAPs) or Financial Reporting Standard (FRSs) depending on when they were issued. 4.5.3 International Regulations such as International Accounting Standard (IAS) and International Financial reporting Standards (IFRSs) issued by the International Accounting Standard Board (IASB)-Inkwell Ltd will have to follow these regulations to have confidence in accounting. 4.5.4 The data Protection Act 1998-The fundamental principle of confidentiality is related to this act and this regulates how Inkwell Ltd processes and stores information of customers, suppliers and employees so as to minimize possible penalties. 4.5.5 Late Payment law-Inkwell Ltd ought to pay its suppliers on time as this is set out in the Late Payment of Commercial Debts Act 1998 so as to eradicate the possibilities of being sued and loosing reputation. 4.5.6 Health and Safety Legislation-Inkwell Ltd is obliged to teach its staff how to withstand some of the outcomes that are safety related since harmful substances (Ink) are used and the toner cartridges has some devices that are connected with controlled light and rays. Procedures of dealing with this matter are essential to protect people against any harmful effect. 4.6 Inkwell Ltd-Key external stakeholders 4.6.1 Customers-The customers of Inkwell Ltd are into two categories being small retailers and large trade customers who purchase re-manufactured inkjet and toner cartridges. They expect to be provided with quality service at discounted, reasonable prices. This is happening as they are given 30-60 days of credit after a trial of three months of paying with purchase order. Price lists and credit terms might also be required. 4.6.2 Suppliers-The Company is supplied with re-manufactured inkjet and toner cartridges. Suppliers will require Inkwell Ltd to pay them on time but since Inkwell Ltd operates with relatively small number suppliers, payments period can be extended without complaint. Financial information can be required by suppliers to enable them to decide whether to work with Inkwell Ltd. 4.6.3 Financier/Bank-Producing series of business plans enables Inkwell Ltd to raise enough finance from their banks to expand the business. Financial statements like Income Statement may be needed by the bank. 5. THE ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENT 5.1 Inkwell Ltd has an Accounts Team based in the head office on an Industrial Estate in Birmingham where information from its branches is compiled and processed. All computers are accessed by the password â€Å"Go Green† and reporting does take place to the relevant authorities. The accounts department is highly privileged to have top management like finance director and accountant. 5.2 The purpose of Inkwell Ltd’s accounts department is to complete all activities relating to the production of the accounts including sales and purchases ledgers, payroll and costing. This department has its own weaknesses identified included in appendix 2 and structure in appendix 1. 5.3 The accounts department-Key internal stakeholders 5.3.1 Paul Farnon, owner1(Managing Director)-As the owner and managing director of Inkwell Ltd, Paul will have to strive for the success of the company including managing accounts department. The way Farnon manages will determine where the company is heading. Since Paul has held top position as the UK general sales manager in a major manufacturer of printers (Hewlett Packard), this reflects an advantage to the accounts department and company at large since he has experience. 5.3.2 Victoria Dawson,owner2(Sales Director)-As being another owner, Victoria is obliged to contribute in the success of the accounts department since she once worked as a Marketing Manager for Rymans,a major office supplies retailer in the same industry so Victoria will use previous experience to help accounts department especially in sales of the company. 5.3.3 Anil Gupter, owner3 (Finance Director)-Anil is also expected to deliver a good service looking at the fact that he did not changed his rank of being Fin ance Director unlike other directors when he moved from Epson, a large manufacturer of printer and printers cartridges to Inkwell Ltd. Anil was needed to have more professional accounting expertise since the production of the company was showing that circulation of money has expanded. Anil’s main responsibility is to manage all finance, legal and accounting procedures and system. Gupter has Bsc, FCMA  qualifications. 5.3.4 Michael O’Payne (Company Accountant)-Michael is responsible for managing the work of the accounting technicians and clerks running the transactions accounting system comprising of purchase, sales and general ledger,costing,payroll and personnel database management system. The fact that Michael has been the company’s accountant ever since it was established, it means he understand and familiar with each and every transaction relating to accounts department. Michael has ACCA qualifications. 5.3.5 Michelle Labelle (General ledger & Inventory clerk)-Michelle’s main roles is to keep financial control over company’s inventories, review daily reports from shop manager s, enter all data into general ledger to produce trial balance. Labelle also monitors orders to suppliers placed by Purchase Manager. Michelle has no accounting qualifications but once worked as trainee personnel officer in France. 5.3.6 Liana Khan (Purchase Ledger Clerk)-Liana is responsible for entering all suppliers’ invoices and credit notes into the purchase ledger and arranges payments to suppliers. Liana has foundation level 2 AAT qualifications and is keen in studying for her intermediate level 3 AAT. Khan is employed part time of 20 hours a week and has once worked as Sales Ledger Clerk. 5.3.7 Greg Morris (Sales Ledger Clerk)-Morris input all data into sales ledger and sends monthly statement to trade customers. He once worked for Rymans where Victoria Dawson was working. Greg was a purchase ledger clerk. He has no accounting/credit control qualifications but wishes to have one. Morris is employed on part time 20 hours a week basis. 5.3.8 Alan Cook (Costing Technician)-Alan is responsible for operating Inkwell Ltd’s costing system since the company was formed. Cook has no accounting qualifications and not willing to have one but before joining Inkwell Ltd he was a Purchase and Sales ledger clerk. 5.3.9 Sharon Ward (Payroll & Personnel Database Clerk)-Sharon’s main responsibility is to run Inkwell Ltd’s two payrolls, a monthly payroll for management and salaried staff as well as a weekly payroll for hourly paid staff. She also issues all statutory forms required by HMRC and UK tax authorities and lastly maintain the personnel database. Sharon has BA (Hons) and AAT foundation level 2 accounting qualifications and willing to study for her AAT intermediate exams. Ward once worked as a holiday company resort representative. 6. REVIEW OF THE ACCOUNTING SYSTEM 6.1 This report analyses the accounting system that are used by Inkwell Ltd and makes recommendations to enhance it. 6.2 The weakness have been identified with the aid of SWOT analysis expanded in appendix 2.This section also investigates the system within the context of the financial reports the accounts system should provide to stakeholders like suppliers, financier and whether it is suitable to meet their, and company’s needs. 6.3 Working methods and practices 6.3.1 The system in Inkwell Ltd’s accounts department comprises of 8 computers running on an integrated basis and are all linked to the same printers. Inventory information is operated within excel and the payroll system uses sage payroll to calculated the weekly and monthly wages and salaries.Quickcost is used for costing system. Monthly bank reconciliation statement and receipts is produced manually. 6.3.2 All work within the system is password sheltered, using a general password through the organization ‘Go Green’. 6.3.3 Weakness in the working methods and practices within the system at Inkwell Ltd are detailed in the SWOT analysis in appendix 2 as: -Some of the staffs are part time so this can delay day to day work to be fully completed on time since they are not always present and there is no necessity in place for them to all be in the office at the same time. -Employing incompetent staff exposes the company to a great risk of performing poorly since it will be hard to withstand the changes of the profession like being familiar with international standards. Working overtime by part time staff to catch up with the work will cost the company. This may also accumulate errors within Inkwell Ltd and stakeholders like bank, suppliers may resist dealing with them and the reputation of the company may possibly downgrade gradually. -Having no assistants in the company reflects lack of plan and missing the bigger picture because once an employee is not around it means the work stops since there is no a reserve. Keeping cheques and cash in the premises for more than a night is a great risk. -Tendency of backing up the system once instead of twice provided that the policy states that, this may result in loosing critical information to be used in various cases like verification and this will be regarded as failure to retain records. -The use of same password for the entire company  tend to be a secret uncovered because once one computer is logged on, automatically it is possible to log on the rest of the computers of which is unsafe to the side of Inkwell Ltd. 6.4 Recording keeping system 6.4.1 Weaknesses in the record keeping system were recognized as component of the SWOT analysis in appendix 2. -Errors, assumption, inaccuracy may possibly be found for the reason that there is shortage of skillful staff to cover for those who are absent so employees with inappropriate skills will attempt to cover up therefore causing errors. -Reconciling monthly bank statement by hand may cause errors and it is quite slow to do that compared to using computer. -Insufficient training period makes it hard to use new developed system like payroll so being self-doubting with the use of this new system will automatically generate incorrect information done by employees. -Having no attendance time record like clock cards may perhaps lead to underpaying which can decline the drive of employees and at the same time employees may be overpaid and Inkwell Ltd will have to use a lot of cash to pay overtime that were not deserved. 6.5 Training The SWOT analysis in appendix 2 analyses the weaknesses within the system regarding training as follows: -Incompetent staffs are employed which can cause a massive confusion and inaccuracy particularly when workload boost and latest standards of profession are introduced. -Training periods are too short to maintain and attain new changes of the system like being familiar with the use of new payroll software thus causing lack of confidence upon employees. 7. INTERNAL CONTROL AND FRAUD ANALYSIS 7.1 Internal system of control 7.1.1 Within Inkwell Ltd controls resembling payments to staff is very informal. Dependence is habitually based upon trust. Formal controls will sustain the accounting system and diminish the chance of fraud. 7.1.2 The SWOT analysis in appendix 2 analyses the weaknesses within the system as: -Cash and cheques-leaving money and cheques in the premises until the banking day will definitely attract theft to take place since Inkwell Ltd is a huge company despite whether the money is placed in a save place. -Authorization-There are no effective authorization procedures put in place  regarding matters like attendance records and monitoring payments to suppliers. Approved payments were reversed by employees like Purchase Manager. -Access-Since one password is used by Inkwell Ltd, any member of staff could use this password for personal reasons. -Payments-It’s very risky to let customers pay via internet by giving their debit/credit cards details 7.2 Fraud Analysis 7.2.1 Even though there is no confirmation of fraud having taken place within Inkwell Ltd Ltd, fraud is likely to occur within the system and proper controls ought to be in place to put off them. 7.2.2 The SWOT analysis in appendix 2 analyses the weaknesses within the system as: -Authorization-Some employees may tend to overstate hours worked and this is one way where fraud can occur due to lack of having no attendance time records. Monitoring all company’s expenditures like payments to suppliers are less monitored so fraud can find a way through this root as approvement was reversed by the Purchase Manager. -Password-Inkwell Ltd’s information may be extracted through having flexible access and then used to steal money from the company as critical information like bank details may be interrogated from the computers due to having same password. -Cash and Cheques-Leaving cash and cheques in the premises until banking day may provoke fraud because some of the employees might get tempted to steal due to the nature of being closer to a lot of cash having a thought that it would not be identifiable. -Payments-Collecting payments over the internet can also lead to fraud as its quite risky to give debit/credit card details via internet because some people even employees may pretend as if they are Inkwell Ltd representatives by using different names from there take money for their own reasons not for company. 7.2.4 Each of these possible frauds, the contemporary controls in lay, and the recommendations to develop can be found within a fraud matrix in appendix 3.This matrix also comprises the level of risk to the business. 8. RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE 8.1 There are numerous recommendations that can be utilized to advance the weaknesses recognized over also in appendix 2. 8.1.1 Training-Training periods should be extended such that staff may be fully trained to use the system and operate it effectively. This will help them to gain confidence  and morale in their work and their daily work will move a bit faster which lead to high productivity. 8.1.2 Policies-Since policies are ethics to channel decisions and accomplish rational outcomes and the source for employment contract with staff, all employees ought to comply with policies set to alleviate possible risks like losing vital information if the system backed once instead of twice. Regular meetings and workshops may facilitate to review the policies and mark the weak areas so that they can be strengthened. This will ensure that aims and target are met which is a good thing. 8.1.3 Attendance-The use of clock cards may be useful to record the exact hours worked for. This will prev ent misstatement of time worked thus help the company not to overstate nor understate payments to employees. 8.1.4 Assistants and qualifications-Enough staff with relevant qualifications ought to be employed so that they can act as reserves when others are absent. This will make certain that external stakeholders are confident to invest in a company that is well equipped in terms of adequate and competent staff. 8.1.5 Advanced Accounting-The use of electronic accounting like pastel should be used to alternate reconciling monthly bank statement and entering receipts manually, this will help to save time and minimize errors. 8.1.6 Access-Inkwell Ltd should set a policy which states that each computer should have its own password so as to restrict access to all the entire computers, this will guarantee that company’s information is embraced. 8.1.7 Approve-All approved payments especially including big amount ought to be thoroughly monitored, this will put off fraud of overstating what it has been approved where people will take advantage of that like what the purchase manager did by changing approved deal. 8.1.8 Banking everyday is the best way for Inkwell Ltd rather than waiting until banking day looking at the fact that Inkwell Ltd generates a lot of money on daily basis, so keeping cheques and cash in the premises is a risk. Security Company will also have to be hired to protect all properties like cash. This will guarantee safety in the company. 8.1.9 Payments-Payments from customers when they are away should be done through post where cheques are sent and should be crossed ‘Account payee’. Names, address and business rates reference should be written properly and correctly. This will minimize delayed payments. 9. COSTS AND BENEFITS ANALYSIS 9.1 The recommendations after cost and benefit analyses to employ adequate, full time, qualified staff, purchase attendance record and bank every day. This has been completed as follows: 9.2 COSTS 9.2.1 Appropriate training staff is required for current account packages like payroll and personal database as well as training other accounts clerks like that one of sales ledger. Inkwell Ltd will have to choose the best institution with reasonable prices to train its staff. 9.2.2 There would be an opportunity cost of staff attending the training in that way they would not be available to complete their work but getting paid and therefore they are not generating chargeable hours. 9.2.3 Well qualified staff with relevant qualifications is required to act as assistants. New staff will have to be posted as clerks assistants. They will become a bit confused to operate in a new environment at first and time will be consumed as well but as time goes on they will adapt and adjust to a new working place. 9.2.4 Inkwell Ltd will require clock cards to record the attendance of the employees and the swiping machine for these cards will have to be connected to the system though this may cause a bit of disruption in the offices. Inkwell Ltd should choose a quality machine that is simple to use. 9.2.5 The electronic generator is needed to help during power cut. Connecting it to the entire accounts department will cause interruption as all connections will have to be switched off for a while. Prices and the quality of the generator should be compared from different shops to choose the best one. 9.2.6 Security company with advanced equipments like cameras, alarms is required for security services. Connecting the security system will as well cause disturbance in the offices. The cost, quality, reliability of the security companies should be compared to see which one is suitable for Inkwell Ltd. 9.2.7 Other staff may be unhappy to see other being trained and this might cause less productivity, commitment, efficiency because they will become jealous. Extended induction of new staff can also cost the company as they are not available for work while some preparations are carried on. Finally ongoing training and extended induction will probably cause client’s dissatisfaction because there would be shortage of workforce thus declining reliability of clients to Inkwell Ltd. 9.3 BENEFITS 9.3.1 The benefits the system will bring are less tangible, so harder to value but possible benefits have been quantified as follows: 9.3.2 The first benefit to Inkwell Ltd is that there will be staff competence as employees will now have relevant skills and knowledge thus leading to quality production and effectiveness. Self confidence will also be improved since they are flexible with their work. 9.3.3 The use of clock cards will enable the payroll department to be accurate in most times. This will also reduce queries from staff if their salaries are underpaid and time set for each employee will be utilized efficiently, unproven overtimes will no longer be found thus reducing cost for the company. 9.3.4 Availability of qualified assistants will then fill gap especially when others are not around due to reasons like sick leaves and this will help the production to keep moving. Clients will also be interested to be given professional service at any time. Relationship between two parties is enhanced due to good cooperation found. 9.3.5 The use of electronic generator will create chances of not loosing critical information during power cut. Inkwell Ltd will always have necessary information needed by internal and external stakeholders. 9.3.6 Having a security services means Inkwell Ltd’s properties are secure but not fully due to inherent risks of some assets like cash. The use of alarms and cameras will reduce the chances of employees stealing. The security company will also help in escorting the cash and cheques while in transit to be banked. 9.3.7 Inkwell Ltd’s reputation is enhanced since clients are provided with professional service from trained and knowledgeable staff and at the same time staff feel valued to the investment in training them, their morale is as well improved. APPENDIX 1-INKWELL (LTD)’S ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE APPENDIX 2-INKWELL (LTD)’S SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES -Quick delivery from Inkwell Ltd no matter where the customer is. -Employees are paid on time because payroll and personnel database is presented to the bank by the 24th of each month. -There is nonstop trading by online shop since they operates 24/7 -Inkwell Ltd has directors with quality and full  experience of dealing with type of business of printer cartridges. -More professional accounting expertise like accountant, financial director, clerks. -The use of centralized accounting system enables Inkwell Ltd to decide decisions quickly and economies of scale as fewer staff overall are needed to complete work unlike if every branch had its own accounts employees. -Flexibility-employees are given chance of advising management in some areas like Alan Cook advised of variances from target. -Cheques are signed by any two of the company’s authorized signatories. -The use of BACS to pay staff is useful since its quick -Giving staff commission is strength itself because their effectiveness and morale tend to improve. -There is a good credit control taking place since all customers that are overdue with their payments are contacted via telephone, written letter. -Good communication i.e. Michelle usually contact shop managers to know when the inventory gets above three days’ holding. -The use of advanced accounting packages like payroll will minimize the errors. -Shortage of staff as well as employing unqualified staff results in poor performance, productivity. Reputation of Inkwell Ltd is at high possibilities of being destroyed. -Short training periods are not suitable for a big company like Inkwell Ltd this will limit employees’ confidence in their work e.g. one day training is not enough. -Inkwell Ltd’s policies are not followed which means they lack direction for example backup is supposed to be done twice a day rather than once. Lack of attendance time record will results in overstatement nor understating figures of hours worked since no control is to be found to record hours worked. -Payments including big amounts are not well monitored, for example Purchase Manager changed what was approved by management that there were to be no increases in prices conceded this year at all but he reversed that, this reflects that follow up was not involved. -Some of the management become reluctant to attend other matters like that one Chapman where there was discrepancies involving big amount and he failed to attend the matter. -Procrastination of some vital areas-differences were caused because the list of people to have access to the general ledger was not yet set so everyone could access. -Some  management like Purchase Manager is short sighted because purchase order processing module had to be bought so that some details of some transactions may not be deleted but Peter concluded it as a waste of money. -The use of one computer by 3-4 part time employees is too bad because it influences less productivity, efficiency since it cannot be used simultaneously so others will have to wait for other to finish and it discourages self independence in workplace. -Recording receipts and reconciling bank statement manually may possibly accumulate errors and consume a lot of time. -Tension between management like that one of accountant and Finance Director may discourages internal relationship and cooperation(team work).The company will suffer since by the time they are obliged to discuss something important they w ill deliberately become pig-headed. OPPORTUNITIES THREATS -Customers are helped to have no history of poor payments so this may enhance the reliability of customers to the company and more customers will be attracted gradually. -There is an opportunity of training staff meaning by the time of completing those studies they will bring huge input that is acquired from outside. -Inkwell Ltd is given an opportunity by suppliers to pay a bit late and this will help Inkwell Ltd to use the money that was to be paid for other like to pay overdraft if there is any. This will also improve cash position -Data Protection Act 1998-Inkwell Ltd is likely to face penalties of failing to keep records since it has the tendency of not keeping records. -Family commitments-Some employees may have family commitments that force them to take some breaks like when family members e.g. when children are sick. This will mean task at work will have to wait especially when company does not have assistants. Some will even take sick leave. -The use of unqualified staff is a huge threat since customers may possibly report that they are not given complete service that match with what they have paid for. This may be reported to consumer affairs and Inkwell Ltd might be penalized. -Power cut may provoke the loss of vital information and Inkwell Ltd may fail to present relevant wanted by external stakeholders e.g. banks so in this way  the company may miss so many chances of opportunities or either be penalized for failing to present information to be used for legal purposes. -There is possibility of theft to take place in the company since Inkwell Ltd is generating a lot of money. -Trading via online might possibly become because it’s a great risk since some may claim to become part of Inkwell Ltd so that they may receive money that was not entitled to them. APPENDIX 4-INKWELL (LTD)’S TECHNICAL NOTES 1) Income Statement-In the context of Inkwell Ltd this will show the owner of the business, sales revenue/income received as well all the cost incurred in the accounting period which will be deducted from the income to arrive at the profit of Inkwell Ltd.This will help the owner to make right decisions and analysis as costs and revenue that has huge impact in the income statement will be highlighted. 2) Statement of Financial Position-Current, non current assets, short term liability and long term liability like loans will be laid down. All liabilities will be added and deducted from all assets for which the amount should be equal to the capital invested in the company by the owners and profit from Income Statement. This will help in terms of planning of how long will the liabilities be paid and when to sell non current assets, how to control receivables. 3) Fraud Detection- The use of regular checking and investigating all discrepancies to conclude what could have went wrong can be one way of detecting fraud. Forensic accountants can as well be useful where investigations will be carried out scientifically. Effective procedures and strategies that are meant to eradicate fraud can be useful in the organization so owners and employees will not want to be associated with fraud cases. 4) Impact of fraud-Fraud can become strong usually if it’s done by the owners of the business, this will include theft of cash, inventory as well as time meant for businesses’ purposes, owners and employees may use business time for their personal activities and this will reduce profitability, production, and effectiveness in the company. Fraud can become a way of life for a business where trustworthy within the business is eroded. Some will be scared of whistle blowing if they are not protected.